Canine adenovirus cDNA and Antigen

Canine adenovirus (CAV) is a virus that affects dogs and shares similarities with the human adenovirus. The symptoms primarily include respiratory infections, but it can also cause hepatitis and gastroenteritis. It is highly contagious and can be transmitted through direct contact with an infected animal or its bodily secretions such as saliva and feces. Despite the availability of vaccines, it is crucial to maintain good hygiene and keep all dogs up to date on their vaccinations.

The CAdV genome is a linear DNA molecule about 3300 base pairs long with two coding DNA regions separated by a non-coding region of approximately 200 bp. The left coding region is located at the 5′ end of the genome, while the right coding region is at the 3′ end. These coding regions contain the necessary genes to replicate the virus, including those responsible for producing the viral capsid proteins. Several regulatory sequences, including the origin of replication, are located in the non-coding region, which is essential for correct genome replication.
Canine adenovirus antigen is a distinctive antigen found in the CAV that can be detected through several tests such as ELISA, PCR, and virus isolation. These tests are useful in determining the infection’s severity and diagnosing it. Additionally, the antigen is utilized in developing vaccines and treatments for canine adenovirus infections.

Canine adenovirus belongs to the family Adenoviridae, a group of non-enveloped, double-stranded DNA viruses that can cause various diseases in humans and animals. It has several proteins, including the early viral regulatory E1A protein, which activates other viral genes and facilitates viral replication. Another early viral protein, the E3 protein, modulates the host immune response and regulates other viral genes. The E4 protein is involved in viral DNA replication and modifies the host immune response. The L1 protein is responsible for the viral capsid assembly, while the minor capsid protein 6 is part of the capsid’s outer shell. The most abundant structural protein in the capsid is the major core protein or hexon protein, which plays a crucial role in maintaining the viral particle’s structural integrity. The hexon-associated protein stabilizes the capsid structure, while the V protein suppresses host antiviral defenses and modulates the host immune response. The fiber protein, located on the capsid’s surface, helps the virus attach to host cells.

The use of recombinant proteins/cDNA in academic research and therapeutic applications has skyrocketed. However, in heterologous expression systems, successful recombinant protein expression is dependent on a variety of factors, including codon preference, RNA secondary structure, and GC content. When compared to pre-optimization, more and more experimental results demonstrated that the expression level was dramatically increased, ranging from two to hundred times depending on the gene. Bioclone has created a proprietary technology platform that has resulted in the creation of over 6,000 artificially synthesized codon-optimized cDNA clones (cloned in E. coli expression Vector), which are ready for production of the recombinant proteins.

Canine adenovirus cDNA and recombinant antigens can be used in the development of vaccines and diagnostic tests for canine adenovirus infections. The cDNA can be used to produce recombinant antigens that can be used to detect the presence of the virus. The recombinant antigens can also be used to produce vaccines to protect dogs from the virus.