Human SARS coronavirus cDNA and Antigen

Human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is a type of virus that causes a respiratory illness. SARS-CoV first emerged in China in 2002 and caused a global outbreak in 2003. The virus is highly contagious and spreads through respiratory droplets generated when an infected person coughs or sneezes. The symptoms of SARS-CoV infection include fever, dry cough, and difficulty breathing. In severe cases, the infection can lead to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and death. There is no specific treatment for SARS-CoV, but supportive care, including oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation, can help alleviate symptoms. Since the 2003 outbreak, SARS-CoV has been effectively controlled and is no longer a significant global health threat. However, it is important to continue monitoring for reemergence of the virus and to research new treatments and vaccines.

The human SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) antigen is a component of the virus that elicits an immune response. It is recognized by the immune system as foreign, triggering the production of antibodies that help protect against future infections with the same virus. Antigens can be used in diagnostic tests to identify the presence of a specific virus, or as part of a vaccine to prevent infection. In the case of SARS-CoV, research into vaccines and diagnostic tests is ongoing, and several vaccine candidates are currently in clinical trials.

The human SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) genome is the complete genetic material of the virus. It consists of a single strand of positive-sense RNA and is approximately 30 kilobases in length. The genome encodes for all the proteins needed for the virus to replicate and cause infection. Understanding the SARS-CoV genome is important for the development of treatments and vaccines for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused by this virus. The genetic diversity of SARS-CoV strains is also crucial to consider in the development of an effective vaccine, as the virus can rapidly evolve and change over time.

The virus contains several key proteins that play essential roles in its structure, replication, and pathogenesis. These proteins include:

Nucleoprotein (N protein): This protein is involved in the packaging and organization of the viral RNA genome, and it also plays a role in virus assembly and budding.

Protein 3a and 7a: These two proteins are involved in the modulation of host immune responses and in the formation of viral replication complexes.

M protein: This protein is a structural component of the virus and is involved in the formation of the viral envelope.

Spike glycoprotein (S protein): This protein is responsible for the virus’s entry into host cells by binding to the host receptor ACE2. It is also the target of many vaccines and therapeutic antibodies.

Non-structural proteins (1, 6, 7, 8, and 10): These proteins are involved in various aspects of viral replication and pathogenesis, including viral RNA synthesis, immune evasion, and modulation of host cell signaling pathways.

Understanding the roles and functions of these proteins is essential for developing effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of SARS coronavirus infections.

The use of recombinant proteins/cDNA in academic research and therapeutic applications has skyrocketed. However, in heterologous expression systems, successful recombinant protein expression is dependent on a variety of factors, including codon preference, RNA secondary structure, and GC content. When compared to pre-optimization, more and more experimental results demonstrated that the expression level was dramatically increased, ranging from two to hundred times depending on the gene. Bioclone has created a proprietary technology platform that has resulted in the creation of over 6,000 artificially synthesized codon-optimized cDNA clones (cloned in E. coli expression Vector), which are ready for production of the recombinant proteins.