- +1 858 909 0079
- +1 858 909 0057
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- +1 858 909 0079
- [email protected]
Specification
Composition
Magnetic beads grafted with diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) groups.
Magnetization
~45 EMU/g
Type of Magnetization
Superparamagnetic
Effective Density
2.0 g/ml
Stability
Most organic solvents
DEAE beads
1 μm beads: ~2 mg BSA/ ml of Beads
5 μm beads: ~1.5 mg BSA/ ml of Beads
Storage
Store at 4°C upon receipt.
In the field of academic research labs, the purification of biomolecules is a crucial step in obtaining accurate and reliable data. Chromatographic procedures such as agarose, cellulose, Sepharose, and Sephadex-based columns or resins have been widely used for the purification of biomolecules. However, these procedures are often time-consuming, complex, and costly. In recent years, weak anion exchange magnetic resins have emerged as a viable alternative to these traditional chromatographic procedures.
Magnetic weak anion exchange resins are a new technology in the world of chromatography. Instead of using time-consuming and complex procedures involving resins such as agarose, cellulose, Sephadex, and Sepharose-based columns, these resins simplify the process by utilizing magnetic properties. The lysate is added to the column, followed by buffer washing via centrifugation or vacuum manifold, and then elution of the biomolecules into an adequate buffer volume. However, the use of traditional column-based technologies requires manual pipetting, leading to discrepancies in yield between experiments and researchers, which can be discouraging. Extensive training and practice are necessary for consistent protein yields.
Magnetic weak anion exchange resins have become increasingly popular due to their numerous benefits over non-magnetic resin technologies. These benefits include ease of use, rapid experimental protocols, and suitability for high throughput automated and miniaturized processing. As a result, they are being used in a wide range of life sciences research and development fields, such as drug discovery, biomedicine, bioassay development, diagnostics, genomics, and proteomics.
BcMag™ DEAE Magnetic Beads are uniform magnetic resins that are grafted with a high density of diethyl aminoethyl (DEAE) functional groups on the surface, as shown in Figure 1. These beads are designed to enable the rapid and high-yield processing of 96 samples in about 20 minutes. The weak anion exchange magnetic bead-based format of BcMag™ DEAE Magnetic Beads allows for the quick and efficient fractionation of proteins or nucleic acids from complex biological samples, such as serum or plasma, either manually or automatically.
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Fast and simple – DEAE magnetic beads-based format eliminates columns or filters or a laborious repeat of pipetting or centrifugation.
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Convenient and expandable – Magnetic format enables high-throughput processing of multiple samples in parallel with many different automated liquid handling systems.
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Robust – DEAE Magnetic beads do not crack or run dry.
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Low bed volume – Working with small magnetic bead volumes allows for minimal buffer volumes, resulting in concentrated elution fractions.
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Protein pre-fractionation in cell lysates
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Optimizing purification conditions for new protein preparation protocols
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Protein purification and concentration
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Antibody purification from serum, ascites, or tissue culture supernatant
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Preparation of samples before 1D or 2D PAGE
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Phosphopeptide purification before MS analysis
Note: The following protocol is an example of fractionating a protein or peptide sample with BcMag™ DEAE magnetic beads. Users are encouraged to choose alternative binding, washing, or elution buffers to get the best results and determine the optimal working conditions based on the protocol and suggestions described in the troubleshooting section. It is critical to match the amount of the beads to the amount of protein in the starting material in all protein purification experiments. It is not only for financial reasons but also because insufficient DEAE resin results in inadequate protein binding in the solution. Too many affinity binding sites will result in the binding of other proteins, making the purification less selective and requiring extra purification steps to achieve pure protein. We recommend performing a titration to optimize the beads used for each application. Should scale volumes of elution to avoid unnecessary sample dilution.
Note: Select the appropriate buffer
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Based on the protein’s pI, empirically calculate the appropriate buffer (pH and salt concentration) for purifying and eluting the protein of interest. In a buffered solution above the protein’s pI, the protein becomes negatively charged (deprotonated) and binds to the positively charged functional groups of an anion exchange resin. To choose the correct buffer for a selected pH, the following is a general rule for selecting a buffer pH:
Anion exchanger — 0.5–1.5 pH units higher than the protein’s pI of interest.
Cation exchanger — 0.5–1.5 pH units lower than the protein’s pI of interest.
A. Equipment
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Magnetic Rack (for manual operation)
Based on sample volume, the user can choose one of the following Magnetic Racks:
– BcMag™ Magnetic Rack-2 for holding two individual 1.5 ml centrifuge tubes (Cat. No. MS-01);
– BcMag™ Magnetic Rack-6 for holding six individual 1.5 ml centrifuge tubes (Cat. No. MS-02);
– BcMag™ Magnetic Rack-24 for holding twenty-four individual 1.5-2.0 ml centrifuge tubes (Cat. No. MS-03);
– BcMag™ Magnetic Rack-50 for holding one 50 ml centrifuge tube, one 15 ml centrifuge tube, and four individual 1.5 ml centrifuge tubes (Cat. No. MS-04);
– BcMag™ Magnetic Rack-96 for holding a 96 ELISA plate or PCR plate (Cat. No. MS-05).
For larger scale purification, Ceramic Magnets Block for large scale purification (6 in x 4 in x 1 in block ferrite magnet, Applied Magnets, Cat. No. CERAMIC-B8).
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Corning 430825 cell culture flask for large-scale purification (Cole-Parmer, Cat. No. EW-01936-22)
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Mini BlotBoy 3D Rocker, fixed speed, small 10″ x 7.5″ platform w/ flat mat (Benchmark Scientific, Inc. Cat. No. B3D1008) or compatible
B. Buffer
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Binding/Wash Buffer: Binding/Wash Buffer: 10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0
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Elution Buffer: 50 mM Sodium phosphate pH 8.0, 0.1-1.0 M NaCl
General Protocol for using the Weak Anion Exchange Magnetic Beads –
a.
BcMag™ DEAE magnetic beads preparation
1.
Vigorously shake the bottle until the magnetic resins become homogeneous and transfer an appropriate volume of the magnetic resins from the bottle to a new tube or flask.
Note:
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Optimize the number of resins used for each application. Insufficient resins will lead to lower yields. Too many beads will cause higher background.
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Do not allow the resins to sit for more than 3 minutes before dispensing. Resuspend the magnetic beads every 3 minutes.
2.
3.
Repeat step (2) one more time.
4.
Equilibrate the beads by adding ten bead-bed volumes of Binding/Washing buffer and shake it to mix them. Incubate at room temperature with continuous rotation for 2 minutes. Place the tube on the magnetic rack for 1-3 minutes. Remove the supernatant while the tube remains on the rack. The resins are ready for purification.
b.
Purification
1.
Add the equilibrated beads (Step a (4)) to the sample and incubate on Mini BlotBoy 3D Rocker with continuous rotation for 5-10 minutes.
2.
Place the tube on the magnetic rack for 1-3 minutes. Remove the supernatant while the tube remains on the rack. Add ten bead-bed volumes of Binding/Washing buffer and shake it ten times to wash the beads. Again, place the tube on the magnetic rack for 1-3 minutes and remove the supernatant while the tube remains on the rack.
3.
Repeat step (2) six times.
Note:
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This step is critical to get high pure protein. It may be necessary to wash the beads more than six times for some proteins to reduce the nonspecific binding.
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Optimize the washing buffer (pH and salt concentration)
Elute protein with an appropriate volume of elution buffer by pipetting up and down 10-15 times or vortex mixer for 5 minutes.
Note:
Determine the optimum elution buffers (pH and salt concentration) and eluting the protein 2-3 times may be necessary.
4.
Elute protein with an appropriate volume of elution buffer by pipetting up and down 10-15 times or vortex mixer for 5 minutes.
Note:
Determine the optimum elution buffers (pH and salt concentration) and eluting the protein 2-3 times may be necessary.
5.
Collect and transfer the supernatant to a new tube.
C. Troubleshooting
Problem
Low yield
Probable Cause
The sample’s ionic strength is high.
Suggestion
Problem
Low yield
Probable Cause
The sample contains interfering detergents.
Suggestion
Problem
The protein failed to elute.
Probable Cause
Ionic interaction is too strong.
Suggestion
Problem
Poor separation
Probable Cause
Carry-over between eluted fractions
Suggestion
Problem
Poor separation
Probable Cause
Proteins or peptides with similar pI to the target protein
Suggestion
Problem
Probable Cause
Suggestions
Low yield
The sample’s ionic strength is high.
The sample contains interfering detergents.
The protein failed to elute.
Ionic interaction is too strong.
Poor separation
Carry-over between eluted fractions
Proteins or peptides with similar pI to the target protein
1.
Dasgupta PK, Maleki F. Ion exchange membranes in ion chromatography and related applications. Talanta. 2019 Nov 1;204:89-137
2.
Wittkopp F, Peek L, Hafner M, Frech C. Modeling and simulation of protein elution in linear pH and salt gradients on weak, strong and mixed cation exchange resins applying an extended Donnan ion exchange model. J Chromatogr A. 2018 Apr 13;1545:32-47.
3.
Staby A, Jensen RH, Bensch M, Hubbuch J, Dünweber DL, Krarup J, Nielsen J, Lund M, Kidal S, Hansen TB, Jensen IH. Comparison of chromatographic ion-exchange resins VI. Weak anion-exchange resins. J Chromatogr A. 2007 Sep 14;1164(1-2):82-94.
4.
Staby A, Jacobsen JH, Hansen RG, Bruus UK, Jensen IH. Comparison of chromatographic ion-exchange resins V. Strong and weak cation-exchange resins. J Chromatogr A. 2006 Jun 23;1118(2):168-79.
5.
Fishman JB, Berg EA. Purification of Antibodies: diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) Chromatography. Cold Spring Harb Protoc. 2019 Jan 2;2019(1).
6.
Černigoj U, Vidič J, Ferjančič A, Sinur U, Božič K, Mencin N, Martinčič Celjar A, Gagnon P, Štrancar A. Guanidine improves DEAE anion exchange-based analytical separation of plasmid DNA. Electrophoresis. 2021 Dec;42(24):2619-2625.
7.
Shields PA, Farrah SR. Characterization of virus adsorption by using DEAE-sepharose and octyl-sepharose. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002 Aug;68(8):3965-8.
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