Plasmodium ovale is a species of malaria parasite that affects humans. Studying key proteins in Plasmodium ovale, including P28 Ookinete Surface Protein 1, P25 Ookinete Surface Protein, P28 Ookinete Surface Protein 2, and Lactate Dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27), is essential in developing effective drugs and vaccines to combat malaria. These proteins play critical roles in the invasion of the mosquito midgut, the transmission of the parasite, and the survival of the parasite in human cells. Understanding these proteins’ functions and targeting them with drugs or vaccines could help prevent malaria transmission and save millions of lives.

P28 Ookinete Surface Protein 1 is a protein found on the surface of Plasmodium ookinetes, which are the developmental stage of the parasite in the mosquito midgut. This protein plays a vital role in the ookinete invasion of the mosquito midgut and is a promising target for malaria vaccines. Researchers are also studying P28 Ookinete Surface Protein 1 as a potential biomarker for detecting Plasmodium ovale infections.

P25 Ookinete Surface Protein is another protein found on the surface of Plasmodium ookinetes. Like P28 Ookinete Surface Protein 1, P25 Ookinete Surface Protein is involved in the ookinete invasion of the mosquito midgut. Research has shown that antibodies against P25 Ookinete Surface Protein can inhibit the transmission of Plasmodium falciparum, another species of Plasmodium that causes malaria in humans. Thus, P25 Ookinete Surface Protein is a promising target for developing malaria transmission-blocking vaccines.

P28 Ookinete Surface Protein 2 is a protein found on the surface of Plasmodium ookinetes and is similar to P28 Ookinete Surface Protein 1. Research has shown that antibodies against P28 Ookinete Surface Protein 2 can inhibit the ookinete invasion of mosquito midguts. Thus, this protein is another promising target for developing malaria vaccines.

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is an enzyme found in many organisms, including Plasmodium. In Plasmodium, LDH plays a crucial role in the glycolytic pathway, which is necessary for the parasite’s survival. Researchers are studying LDH as a potential diagnostic biomarker for detecting Plasmodium ovale infections. LDH is also a target for several anti-malaria drugs, including artemisinin-based combination therapies.

Plasmodium ovale is a species of malaria parasite that affects humans. Studying key proteins in Plasmodium ovale, including P28 Ookinete Surface Protein 1, P25 Ookinete Surface Protein, P28 Ookinete Surface Protein 2, and Lactate Dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27), is essential in developing effective drugs and vaccines to combat malaria. These proteins play critical roles in the invasion of the mosquito midgut, the transmission of the parasite, and the survival of the parasite in human cells. Understanding these proteins’ functions and targeting them with drugs or vaccines could help prevent malaria transmission and save millions of lives.

The use of cDNA (complementary DNA) and recombinant antigens in diagnostics is an emerging technology that has been used to detect the presence of Plasmodium ovale. The cDNA is a type of DNA produced from an mRNA template. cDNA is typically used in research to study gene expression but can also be used in diagnostics. cDNA can be used to detect the presence of Plasmodium ovale in a sample. This can be achieved by designing primers specific to the species and amplifying the DNA in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay.

Recombinant antigens are proteins produced in a laboratory setting, usually by expressing a gene of interest in an appropriate expression system. These antigens can be used in diagnostic assays to detect the presence of Plasmodium ovale. For example, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) can be used to detect the presence of Plasmodium ovale antigens in a sample. This type of assay is sensitive and can detect very low levels of the pathogen.

The use of recombinant proteins/cDNA in academic research and therapeutic applications has skyrocketed. However, in heterologous expression systems, successful recombinant protein expression is dependent on a variety of factors, including codon preference, RNA secondary structure, and GC content. When compared to pre-optimization, more and more experimental results demonstrated that the expression level was dramatically increased, ranging from two to hundred times depending on the gene. Bioclone has created a proprietary technology platform that has resulted in the creation of over 6,000 artificially synthesized codon-optimized cDNA clones (cloned in E. coli expression Vector), which are ready for production of the recombinant proteins.