Nosema ceranae is a microsporidian parasite that infects honeybees, causing a disease known as nosemosis. The disease affects the digestive system of honeybees and can lead to reduced lifespan, impaired cognitive abilities, and decreased honey production. The parasite is known to infect both adult bees and developing larvae, and its impact on honeybee populations has raised concerns among beekeepers and researchers alike.

One protein that has been studied in connection to Nosema ceranae is proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). This protein is essential to the replication and repair of DNA in cells and has been found to be involved in the response of honeybees to the parasite.

Nosema ceranae cDNA and recombinant antigens can be used to develop diagnostic assays for the detection of Nosema ceranae infections in bees. These assays can be used to monitor the prevalence of this parasite in bee colonies and to identify colonies that are at risk of Nosema ceranae-associated diseases. The development of these assays can also be used to evaluate the efficacy of control strategies, such as treatments with anti-parasitic compounds, in reducing Nosema ceranae infections in bee colonies. Furthermore, the use of these assays can facilitate research into the biology and pathogenesis of Nosema ceranae, helping to improve our understanding of this parasite and its role in bee health.

The use of recombinant proteins/cDNA in academic research and therapeutic applications has skyrocketed. However, in heterologous expression systems, successful recombinant protein expression is dependent on a variety of factors, including codon preference, RNA secondary structure, and GC content. When compared to pre-optimization, more and more experimental results demonstrated that the expression level was dramatically increased, ranging from two to hundred times depending on the gene. Bioclone has created a proprietary technology platform that has resulted in the creation of over 6,000 artificially synthesized codon-optimized cDNA clones (cloned in E. coli expression Vector), which are ready for production of the recombinant proteins.