Mycobacterium paratuberculosis cDNA and Antigen

Mycobacterium paratuberculosis is a bacterium that causes Johne’s disease in animals, particularly in ruminants like cattle, sheep, and goats. This bacterium has several key antigens that are important for its virulence and survival in the host. Let’s explore them:

15 kDa antigen: The 15 kDa antigen is a heat-shock protein that is highly immunogenic and plays a role in the intracellular survival of M. paratuberculosis. It has been shown to induce immune responses in infected animals and is often used in diagnostic tests for Johne’s disease.

34 kDa antigen protein: The 34 kDa antigen protein, also known as MAP3417, is another heat-shock protein that is expressed by M. paratuberculosis during infection. It has been shown to be involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism and plays a role in the intracellular survival of the bacterium.

9 kDa antigen: The 9 kDa antigen is a major lipoprotein of M. paratuberculosis and is highly conserved among mycobacterial species. It has been shown to induce an immune response in infected animals and is often used in diagnostic tests for Johne’s disease.

Antigen 85-A, 85C complex: Antigen 85 is a family of mycolyl transferases that are important for the synthesis of the mycobacterial cell wall. Antigen 85-A and 85C are two members of this family that have been identified in M. paratuberculosis. They play a role in the formation of the complex cell wall structure of the bacterium and are considered to be important virulence factors.

Bacterioferritin Antigen D: Bacterioferritin is an iron storage protein that is important for the survival of M. paratuberculosis in the host. Bacterioferritin Antigen D is a specific antigenic protein associated with the bacterioferritin complex and has been shown to induce immune responses in infected animals.

P36 antigen: The P36 antigen is a surface-exposed lipoprotein of M. paratuberculosis that is thought to play a role in the adhesion and invasion of host cells. It has been shown to induce immune responses in infected animals and is often used in diagnostic tests for Johne’s disease.

These are some of the key antigens of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. They play important roles in the pathogenesis of Johne’s disease and are often targeted in diagnostic tests and vaccine development efforts. Further research on these antigens may help in understanding the virulence mechanisms of M. paratuberculosis and developing effective strategies for disease control. So, studying these antigens can provide insights into the immunology and pathogenesis of M. paratuberculosis and help in the development of improved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for Johne’s disease.

The use of recombinant proteins/cDNA in academic research and therapeutic applications has skyrocketed. However, in heterologous expression systems, successful recombinant protein expression is dependent on a variety of factors, including codon preference, RNA secondary structure, and GC content. When compared to pre-optimization, more and more experimental results demonstrated that the expression level was dramatically increased, ranging from two to hundred times depending on the gene. Bioclone has created a proprietary technology platform that has resulted in the creation of over 6,000 artificially synthesized codon-optimized cDNA clones (cloned in E. coli expression Vector), which are ready for production of the recombinant proteins.

Mycobacterium paratuberculosis cDNA and recombinant antigen probes can be used in the diagnosis of Johne’s disease by performing PCR-based assays and ELISA tests. PCR-based assays can detect the presence of M. paratuberculosis DNA in clinical samples, while ELISA tests can detect the presence of M. paratuberculosis antigens in the same samples. Both techniques have been used to accurately diagnose Johne’s disease and are considered to be reliable and accurate methods for the diagnosis of the disease.